I know about Japanese rings (commutative rings A which are integral domains and such that the integral closure of A in any finite extension of the ring of fraction is finite over A), and about Polish spaces (separable complete metric spaces). Are there any other mathematical concepts named after locations on Earth (or elsewhere)?
The only vaguely similar cases I can think of are K3 surfaces, which A. Weil mentions somewhere being named partly as a reference to the K2 mountain; and the recent innovation of esperantist graphs, which are defined in a new preprint of J. Ellenberg, C. Hall and myself (I’ll write about the latter in more detail soonish; the point of the name is that it alliterates with “expanders”, and it is indeed a condition related to, but weaker, than being an expander graph…)
